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Question:

Which of the following is a true statement about dominance in genetics?

A When two dominant alleles are present, the resulting phenotype will express both traits.

explanation

Codominance occurs when two dominant alleles are both expressed.

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Which of the following is the dependent variable in the experiment described below?
A scientist discovers a new species of snail that lives in the ocean. He tested the ability of this species to handle heat by measuring its growth rate as he increased the temperature of the water. He also tested two different concentrations of salt to determine which type of marine environment the snail would be best suited for.

growth rate

The growth rate is the variable that is dependent on the changes to water temperature and concentration of salt in the water.

Which of the following antibody-secreting cells is triggered to proliferate upon vaccination?

B-lymphocytes

The cells secrete antibodies. It can’t be erythrocytes – red blood cells just carry oxygen and don’t make antibodies. T-cells are for “cellmediated immunity”, so they don’t do antibodies either, and leukocyte just means “white blood cell”, so the correct answer must be “B-lymphocytes.”

How many electrons are included in the double bond between the two oxygen atoms in O2?

4

The two oxygen atoms in a covalent double bond share two pairs of electrons, or four total.

Which would be the approximate mass of a car?

1,800 kg

It’s good to have a relative idea of the scale of various objects. The average mass of a human is around 60 kg. The average mass of a car is 1,800 kg, and the average mass of a laptop is 2.5 kg.

In the following acid-base reaction, which species acts as an Arrhenius acid?
HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) → KCl(aq) + H2O(l)

HCl

An Arrhenius acid is a species or substance that produces H+ ions. Strong acids like hydrochloric acid (HCl) produce hydrogen ions (H+).

A malfunctioning aorta will result in which of the following?

oxygenated blood would not be transported to the body’s cells.

The aorta is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the heart to the upper and lower extremities. If the aorta is not functioning correctly and is unable to pump oxygenated blood, this would most likely result in the death of cells throughout the body, as cells need oxygen to perform cellular respiration to generate energy within the cell.[Human Body Science]

Which of the following is the division of the nervous system primarily responsible for regulating all involuntary and subconscious muscle functions?

autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions of the heart, digestive tract, and other smooth muscles; it is further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Spongy bone is lighter than compact bone

Compact bone is composed of repeating units of osteons and is the strongest form of bone tissue. On the contrary, spongy bone is lighter than compact bone tissue and is always located on the interior of the bone. Rather than osteons, spongy bone is also made of thin columns of trabeculae which cover and protect the bone marrow.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

insulin production and blood sugar regulation

Insulin production and blood sugar regulation are performed by the pancreas.

Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

Cellulose

Cellulose is a polysaccharide (a sugar) that is made up of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β linked D-glucose molecules. Carbohydrates are built from simple sugars.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, (e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis).
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in the body.
Myosins are a family of motor proteins that play roles in muscle contraction as well as a range of other motility processes in eukaryotic organisms.

According to Linnaeus’ classification system, which of the following would be less restrictive than the family of an organism?

order

In Linnaeus' classification system organisms are grouped/classified according to their kingdom, then the phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The less restrictive groupings would be the Kingdom and Phylum as many organisms may fit under the same grouping in these categories, as organisms are assigned to families, genus, and species, the classifications become more and more specific. An order is less restrictive (more inclusive) than the family category.[Life Science]