Which of the following regions of the brain is the active link between the endocrine and nervous systems?

Which of the following describes a role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the digestive system?

It converts pepsinogen to pepsin.

This question is asking about the role of HCl in the digestive system. HCl is secreted by the stomach as a component of gastric juice. It accounts for the low (acidic) pH of the stomach contents and helps begin protein digestion and protect the body from harmful bacteria. HCl converts pepsinogen to pepsin, not trypsinogen to trypsin; trypsinogen is converted in the small intestine. Pancreatic bicarbonate neutralizes the acidic contents of the stomach, and this also occurs in the small intestine. Mucus secreted by goblet cells in the stomach protects the walls of the stomach from digestive activity.

Which of the following is the final vessel through which semen must pass before being expelled from the body?

Penile urethra.

Both urine and semen travel through the penile urethra, the longest portion of the male urethra, to be expelled through the urethral opening.

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?

Lysosomes.

Lysosomes are responsible for intracellular digestion of damaged structures, macromolecules, and bacteria.
The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for the transport of proteins within and out of the cell.
Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for converting nutrients to energy as ATP.

Which statement regarding ball and socket joints is TRUE?

Ball and socket joints are multi-axial joints, which are highly mobile, allowing movement in multiple axes and planes.

Ball and socket joints, where the spheroidal surface of one bone moves within the socket of another, provide maximum mobility amongst all joints-flexion & extension, abduction & adduction, medial & lateral rotation, and circumduction.

Which of the following hormones is NOT increased in plasma during dehydration?

Erythropoietin.

During dehydration, secretions of antidiuretic hormone, renin, and aldosterone are increased in order to prevent further loss of water in the urine. Erythropoietin is produced in the kidney in response to low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) in order to stimulate production of red blood cells.

Movement of molecules in a substance depends on _______ energy.

Heat.

All matter is made of particles called atoms (which make up molecules). These atoms and molecules are always in motion – bumping into each other or vibrating back and forth. Heat is a form of energy that is created through the movement of atoms and molecules. The amount of movement of molecules in a substance increases as it gains heat and decreases as it loses heat. At higher temperatures, particles have more energy. Some of this energy can be transmitted to other particles that are at a lower temperature. There are many types of electromagnetic waves. From lowest energy to highest energy there are radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays. They do not affect the movement of particles in substances.

Cellular respiration, the process responsible for the production of cellular energy would be performed using which of the following organelles?

Mitochondria.

Cellular respiration is the process where sugar, in the form of glucose, is broken down by extracting energy from the covalent bonds. The steps of cellular respiration include: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. During this process energy from the glucose molecule is temporarily stored in NADH and FADH2. These are referred to as energy-carrying molecules that transport energy to the Electron Transport Chain located in the mitochondrial inner membrane where the energy is converted into ATP. The main organelle responsible for cellular respiration is the mitochondria.[Life Science]

Which of the following is NOT a hormone-producing gland of the endocrine system?

Prostate.

The prostate is an exocrine gland that secretes the alkaline fluid found in semen. It does not produce hormones.

Oxygen is exchanged between blood and tissues at which of the following areas?

Capillaries.

Capillaries are very small blood vessels found where veins and arteries meet. They are the site of material exchange.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system?

It regulates involuntary activity in the heart, stomach, lungs, and intestines.

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions, while the autonomic nervous system functions primarily below the level of consciousness, to control functions such as digestion, heart rate, respiratory rate, perspiration, salivation, swallowing, and breathing. The central nervous system consists of the spinal cord and brain.

In which part of the heart does oxygenated blood flow out of?

Left ventricle.

Oxygenated blood that leaves the heart is pumped from the left ventricle.

Which of the following statements BEST defines a scientific model?

A simplification or metaphor for an observed phenomenon.

Scientific models are simplifications or metaphors for observations that allow the observations to be more easily understood.

The same single-replacement reaction is run in two different beakers. The beakers are labeled as Beaker A and B and are heated to 75°C and 100°C, respectively. If the reactions are run for 15 minutes each, which of the following results would you expect to observe?

Beaker B produces more product than Beaker A.

As the temperature of a reaction increases, the reaction rate increases as well. This is due to an increased number of collisions that occur between molecules during a reaction. Since Beaker B is at a higher temperature, it should produce more product than Beaker A since the reaction times are equal.

Which of the following is the location of fertilization in the female?

Fallopian tube.

A released ovum stays in the fallopian tube for approximately twenty-four hours. If sperm have not migrated up the tubes to fertilize the egg, then the egg moves through the uterus; if fertilization does occur, it stays in the tube for several more days as it moves to the uterus for implantation.

Which of the following regions of the brain is the active link between the endocrine and nervous systems?

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