An organism has eight pairs of chromosomes. How many chromosomes does each egg or sperm cell contain?

If the amount of hydrogen in a balloon of fixed size is doubled, what happens to the mass and density of the balloon?

The mass and density both increase

As the number of molecules of air increases in a given volume, the mass of air also increases. As the mass of air in the given volume increases, its density also increases.

Gas exchange between the blood and alveoli would be enhanced by _______, but impeded by _______.

Increased alveolar surface area; increased membrane thickness.

Gas exchange in the lung can be explained by Fick’s Law of Diffusion, which is represented by the following equation:
Diffusion = k * SA * ( P2 – P1)⁄T
where k represents the diffusion coefficient for the specific gas, SA represents the surface area of the tissue, P2- P1 represents the difference in the gas concentration on one side of the membrane compared to the other side, and T represents the thickness of the tissue.
Thus, any increases in gas coefficient, surface area, or difference in pressure will enhance gas exchange, while any increase in tissue thickness will impede gas exchange.

Which of these is a function of a ribosome?

Ribosomes can decode mRNA and assemble amino acids for protein synthesis.

Ribosomal units can decode the codons on mRNA and assemble amino acids with the help of tRNA for translation. Codons are contained within the mRNA strand, not on or inside the ribosomes. Ribosomes do not move along the length of an amino acid chain, they create one. They move along the mRNA strand to decode it, which then directs the formation of the complementary amino acid chain. The transfer of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm does not occur with the help of tRNA.

Which of these bonds would we see between nitrogenous bases?

Hydrogen bonds.

Between nitrogenous bases, hydrogen bonds are seen since this bond is easy to break, which is needed during the processes of replication and transcription. Ionic bonds are seen between ions. Nitrogenous bases are not ions. Nitrogenous bases do not form sulfide bonds. Nitrogenous bases are not polar in nature and do not form polar bonds.

Which of the following is a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in adaptive immunity by seeking out, attacking, and destroying targeted pathogens?

Cytotoxic T-cells.

Cytotoxic T-cells are a part of the adaptive immune system that attack and destroy pathogens displaying specific antigens.

The square above is based on the eye color of two parents, one of whom has brown eyes and carries the recessive gene for green eyes (a). What is the probability that a biological child of these parents will have brown eyes?

50%

In the Punnett Square pictured, two of the children have brown eyes(A) and carry the recessive green gene(a) = (Aa), while two of the children have green eyes (aa). There is a 50% chance these parents will produce offspring with brown eyes (Aa).

Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell?

Antibody.

Antibodies are proteins produced by plasma cells.

2C6H14 + 19O2 → 12CO2 + 14H2O
The reaction above is an example of which of the following?

Combustion reaction.

Combustion is defined as a reaction with O2 in order to produce CO2 and H2O.

What type of reaction is shown below?
HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl

Double-displacement reaction.

The reactants swap ions, so this is a double-replacement reaction. The H+ joins the OH− to form H2O, and the Na+ bonds to the Cl− ion to form NaCl.

Which of the following statements is anatomically CORRECT?